பொருள்

  Image : Worldwildlife Wetlands the most biologically productive ecosystems on Earth are areas of land where the water level is at or near the surface of the ground for at least part of the year. They are characterized by the presence of water-loving plants and soils that are saturated or inundated with water. Wetlands can include marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens, and they can be found in both freshwater and saltwater environments.

A Doctrine is a principle, theory, or position that is usually applied and upheld by Courts of Law. See a Doctrine can either be a rule, theory or tent of law. In Indian Constitutional law, there are different judicial doctrines that develop over time as per the interpretation given by the judiciary. Some of the important judicial doctrines are discussed here. DOCTRINE OF BASIC STRUCTURE: Actually, There is no mention of the term Basic Structure in the Constitution of India . Then ask why should Basic Structure be called a Doctrine?, Because it was given through the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) of the Constitution Bench of Supreme court. Though the bench didn't clearly mention what Basic structure really consists of, it gave us an idea. Infact it turned to become a bedrock of our constitution, protecting it from parliament changing some core features of the constitution like Secular nature, Federal character etc through amendments. For starters Parliamentary Democ...

  Social Stock Exchanges Social Stock Exchanges : Social stock exchanges are a regulated funding platform to allow for-profit social enterprises (FPEs) and Non-profit organizations (NPOs) to raise funds. Currently there are handful of ways to raise revenue these above said entities like Corporate social responsibility, Philanthropic grants, donations etc. History: During the Union budget session 2019, the government proposed setting up of SSEs. As a continuation, SEBI formed a working group to opine the propositions and the working group submitted its report on June, 2020. In September 2020, SEBI set up Technical group for further advice and to give clarity on recommendations made by working group. About SSE: I t aims to connect organizations like FPEs and NPOs with Institutional investors like Impact investors. Investors may get stake in the SSE listed FPEs and NPOs in the form of bonds. Benefits: SSE would leverage private players participation in crucial areas (R...

  The Sharia is the law governing the Muslim community . It is based on the Quran and the hadis, traditions of the Prophet including a record of his remembered words and deeds. With the expansion of Islamic rule outside Arabia, in areas where customs and traditions were different, qiyas (reasoning by analogy) and ijma (consensus of the community) were recognised as two other sources of legislation. Thus, the sharia evolved from the Quran, hadis, qiyas and ijma.