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WHAT IS MODEL PRISON MANUAL?   Model Prison Manual, 2016 is a set of guidelines developed by Ministry of Home Affairs. It covers about prisoner classification and  privileges, disciplinary action and complaints procedures, sanitary and hygiene regulations, etc., Related Articles: Article 39 (a) Fair justice also deals with prisoners. Article 14,19,20,21 and 22 deal with Rights of prisoners. WHY TO READ? The union Home ministry has asked the states of Union Territories who have not adopted Model Prison Manual so far, to bring in accordance with guidelines provided by Manual.  Prison is a state subject.

National Investigation Agency: Mains : GS2 (Polity and Governance), GS3 (Security) What is National Investigation Agency (NIA), exactly? The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is a federal agency in India that works under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India which was established in 2009 by the Indian government to combat terrorism and other serious crimes that have national and international ramifications. The NIA is empowered to investigate and prosecute offenses related to terrorism, as well as offenses that fall under the purview of various other laws, including the Atomic Energy Act, the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, the Explosives Act, and the Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act. Headquarters: New Delhi, India Branches: Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Guwahati, Mumbai,  Lucknow, Raipur, Kochi and Jammu Why was NIA set up? The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was created in India primarily to a...

 The Preamble is an introductory statement to the constitution. It is intended to state the subject, aims and objectives of the constitution. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is based on the "Objective Resolution" of Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru introduced an objective resolution on December 13, 1947 and it was accepted by constituent assembly on 22nd January 1947.  The Preamble derives its authority from the people of India. It declares India to be a sovereign, socialistic, secular, democratic and republic. It specifies justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as the objectives. It was adopted on November 26th, 1949. The Preamble has been amended only once by the 42nd Constitutional amendment, 1976. With the help of this amendment three new words were added to the Preamble namely socialist, secular and integrity. Porul.in SCOPE: As Supreme Court has observed it is the key to unravel the minds of the makers of the Constitution. It is non-justifiable in nature, like the DPS...

A Doctrine is a principle, theory, or position that is usually applied and upheld by Courts of Law. See a Doctrine can either be a rule, theory or tent of law. In Indian Constitutional law, there are different judicial doctrines that develop over time as per the interpretation given by the judiciary. Some of the important judicial doctrines are discussed here. DOCTRINE OF BASIC STRUCTURE: Actually, There is no mention of the term Basic Structure in the Constitution of India . Then ask why should Basic Structure be called a Doctrine?, Because it was given through the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) of the Constitution Bench of Supreme court. Though the bench didn't clearly mention what Basic structure really consists of, it gave us an idea. Infact it turned to become a bedrock of our constitution, protecting it from parliament changing some core features of the constitution like Secular nature, Federal character etc through amendments. For starters Parliamentary Democ...

 The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act introduces reservations for economically weaker sections (EWS). This amendment provides reservations in central government and private educational institutions (except minority educational institutions) for admission and recruitment in central government jobs.  Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019    The 103rd amendment was enacted to promote the welfare of the poor who are not covered under the 50% reservation policy for SCs, STs and the OBCs. The act enables the Centre and the state governments to provide reservations for the EWS. Since this is a law on subjects in the Concurrent list, the individual state governments need to ratify it before adopting it.  

Before discussing National Human rights Commission let's dive to know the meaning of the word Human rights . Going as per Official UN definition, "Human rights are rights we have simply because we exist as human beings - they are not granted by any state . These universal rights are inherent to us all, regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status . They range from the most fundamental -the right to life -to those that make life worth living, such as the right to food, education, work, health, and liberty" . National Human Rights Commission The NHRC is a statutory body established in 1993 under the 'Protection of Human Rights Act' . Later it got amended in 2006. It is an important non-constitutional body. Human Rights are essential parts of the society and they are been watched by NHRC. NHRC acts as watch dog of human rights in the country. It checks over the rights that are related to life, liberty, e...

NITI AAYOG NITI AAYOG was an important feature of policy making and governance in India, although it no longer exists as it replaced the Planning Commission on January 1, 2015, with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister.  Planning Commission is served as a planning vehicle for close to six decades. It did not derive its creation either from the Constitution or statutes but was an arm of the Central/Union government. ADMINISTRATIVE SKELETAL:     It consists of a  Chair Person(Prime Minister)  Vice Chair Person(Appointed by Prime Minister) Governing Council(Chief Ministers of all states and Lt. Governors of Union territories)  Regional Council (They address specific regional issues, comprising of Chief Ministers and Lt. Governors chaired by Prime Minister or his nominee.) Adhoc membership (2 members in ex-officio capacity from leading Research institutions on rotational basis)  Ex-Officio membership (Maximum four from Union council of ministers to be n...